Quiz
#4
1- Discuss the roots and development of Renaissance humanism.
Humanist beliefs stress the potential value and goodness of human beings, emphasize common human needs, and seek solely rational ways of solving human problems. The Enlightenment thinkers in eighteenth-century Europe had become increasingly critical of slavery as a violation of the natural rights of every person. The abolition of slavery made a remarkable transformation in human affairs. Enlightenment thinkers were increasingly critical of slavery
-religious
groups, especially Quakers and Protestant evangelicals, became
increasingly
vocal in opposition to slavery
-growing
belief that slavery wasn’t necessary for economic progress
-
notion that slavery was out of date
2. 1348 and 1492 as pivotal years in the transition to the Modern Era.
1348 the plague
1492 Columbus came to America in search for gold, god, glory
3- God,gold & glory as motivators of colonial expansion into the Americas. True
Iberians: from Spain and Portugal they led the way Western Hemisphere. The
main motivations for coming to America was the search for God (networks of
trade), gold, glory.
The impoverished nobles and commoners found opportunity for gaining
wealth and status in the colonies. Missionaries were looking to enlarge the
realm of Christendom and Persecuted minorities were in search of a new
life
4. Discuss The Great Dying.
The Great Dying; was genocide. The majority of people died of diseases due to lack of immunity, they didn’t have the kinds of animals to help then develop that immunity, they were forced out of their environments, they were force to adapt to new environments. Some adapted to Christianity to survive. Some intermarried to survive. 90% died: most died from smallpox plague, the rest died from hunger.
5. What were the various strategies for commercial exploitation developed by Europeans during the early Modern era?
Beyond the multitude of individual tragedies that is
spawned-capture and sale, displacement from home cultures, forced labor,
beatings and brandings, broken families-the Atlantic slave trade transformed
the societies of all of its participants.
The Atlantic slave trade represented and enormous extension of
the ancient practice of people owning and selling other people
6. What were some of the abuses of the early Industrial Revolution?
At the heart of the Industrial Revolution lay a great acceleration in the rate of technological innovation leading to an enormous increased output of goods and services. A “culture of innovation,” a widespread and almost obsessive belief that things could be endlessly improve.
7. What does Strayer mean by the "echoes" of Atlantic Revolutions?
They expressed ideas of republicanism, greater social equality, and national liberation from foreign rule. Beyond this limited extension of political democracy three movements arose to challenge continuing patterns of oppression or exclusion. Abolitionists sought the end of slavery; nationalists hoped to do away with disunity and foreign rule; and feminist tried to end, or at least mitigate, male dominance. Although they took root first in Europe, each came to have a global significance in the centuries that followed.
8. Discuss the events and significance of the Haitian Revolution.
Saint Domingue was widely regarded as the richest colony in the world. It produced 40% of the world’s sugar and half of its coffee. Given the enormous inequalities and its rampant exploitation set in motion a spiral of violence for more than a decade. Surrounded by confusion, brutality, and massacres the power gravitated to the slaves. Haitian Slaves revolted against the French control and successfully became free. Free and independent citizens.
9. In what sense were the "Arab Spring" and "Occupy" movements echoes of the Atlantic Revolutions?
The Arab Spring is a revolutionary wave of demonstrations and protests occurring in the Arab world that began on 18 December 2010.The protests have shared techniques of mostly civil resistance in sustained campaigns involving strikes, demonstrations, marches, and rallies, as well as the effective use of social media[21][22] to organize, communicate, and raise awareness in the face of state attempts at repression and Internet censorship.[23]
The Occupy movement is an international protest movement against social and economic inequality, its primary goal being to make the economic structure and power relations in society more favorable to the underclasses. Different local groups have different foci, but among the prime concerns is the claim that large corporations and the global financial system control the world in a way that disproportionately benefits a minority, undermines democracy and is unstable.
What they share in common with the Atlantic Revolution:
-
they also shared a set of common ideas
-
grew out of the European Enlightenment
-
notion that it is possible to engineer, and improve, political and social life
-the
core political idea was “popular sovereignty”—that the authority
to
govern comes from the people, not from God or tradition
-and
ruled should last only as long as it served the people well]
-but
in the long term, the revolution gave ammunition to groups without
political
rights
10. How did the move from traditional forms of production to the "cash crop" system affect Africans under colonial rule?
p. 601
Colonial rule, created conditions that facilitated and increased cash-crop production to local farmers. Many colonies came to specialize in one or two cash-crops creating an unhealthy dependence, what traditional used to be an independent life style.
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